OECD GLOBAL FORUM ON ENVIRONMENT ON ECO-INNOVATION 4-5 November 2009, OECD, Paris (France) POLICIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF ECO-INNOVATIONS: LESSONS FROM THE LITERATURE
نویسنده
چکیده
................................................................................................................................................... 3 RÉSUMÉ ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 NOTE FROM THE SECRETARIAT ............................................................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 7 TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: THEORY AND EVIDENCE .................... 9 Market Failures in Research & Development .............................................................................................. 9 Measuring Eco-Innovation ......................................................................................................................... 10 Incentives for Eco-Innovation .................................................................................................................... 11 TRANSFER OF ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES ............................................... 15 What is Technology Transfer? ................................................................................................................... 15 Sources of Technology Transfer ................................................................................................................ 15 International Trade ................................................................................................................................. 16 Foreign Direct Investment ...................................................................................................................... 16 License to a Local Firm .......................................................................................................................... 16 Environmentally-friendly Technology Transfer ........................................................................................ 17 POLICY IMPLICATIONS – THE CASE OF CLIMATE CHANGE .......................................................... 20 The Clean Development Mechanism ......................................................................................................... 21 The Role of Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................................................... 24 The Role of Government – Incentives for Long-term R&D ...................................................................... 25 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 27 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 28
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